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| 1963 |
| | Ayatollah Khomeini is arrested in Qom, and imprisoned for eight months in Tehran, after instigating riots against the Shah | |
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| 1964 |
| | Ayatollah Khomeini, exiled by the shah from Iran, moves first to Turkey and then makes his base in Iraq | |
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| 1965 |
| | Zahir Shah allows the first elections in his kingdom of Afghanistan | |
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| 1973 |
| | A military coup deposes Zahir Shah and brings to an end the hereditary monarchy in Afghanistan | |
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| 1978 |
| | Demonstrations take place throughout Iran, demanding Islamic rule under the leadership of Ayatollah Khomeini | |
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| 1979 |
| | An Islamic revolution forces the Shah, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, to flee from Iran | |
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| 1979 |
| | Ayatollah Khomeini receives a rapturous welcome on his return to Iran to head the Islamic Revolutionary Committee | |
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| 1979 |
| | Communist measures in Afghanistan provoke a Muslim jihad and the murder of more than 100 Russians in Herat | |
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| 1979 |
| | Supporters of Ayatollah Khomeini seize the US embassy in Tehran, taking hostage 66 US citizens | |
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| 1979 |
| | Soviet troops invade Afghanistan to suppress anti-communist anarchy | |
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